Capacitors store electrical charge on parallel electrode plates, with their capacity influenced by plate proximity and the dielectric constant between them. Even conventional epoxy glass laminates have some capacitance, with dielectric constants (Dk) of around 4. To increase Dk, materials like barium-titanate can be added, reaching 10–20 Dk. For higher capacitance, ceramics or inorganic compositions are used, achieving Dk values of 100–2000. These advanced materials enable large-value capacitors embedded in circuit board layers, essential for applications like decoupling. Unlike batteries, capacitors do not store energy chemically but rely on electric field-based charge storage.
It has the advantages of high frequency response, low loss, good stability and long service life. It is often used in circuits such as radio transceivers, broadcast equipment, antenna matching adjustment, filtering, and voltage stabilization.
A capacitor made of metal niobium as the positive electrode, dilute sulfuric acid and other liquid as the negative electrode, and the oxide film generated on the surface of niobium as the dielectric. It is characterized by small size, large capacity, stable performance, long life, It has large insulation resistance and good temperature characteristics, and is used in equipment with higher requirements.
An electrolytic capacitor made of metal tantalum as a medium. It has the characteristics of small size, large capacitance, excellent performance and good stability. It is widely used in military communications, aerospace, industrial control, film and television equipment, communication instruments, etc. field
Used in single-phase AC motors to improve motor’s performance and efficiency by creating a phase shift between the motor’s windings, allowing the motor to start and run smoothly.
Electronic components that can change their capacitance (ability to store charge) over a range of values. They consist of a set of plates that can be rotated or adjusted to change the spacing between them, altering the capacitance. These capacitors are often used in electronic circuits to tune frequencies or adjust resonance.
Film capacitors are electronic components that employ thin metallized polymer films as their dielectric, providing high capacitance values, low losses, and excellent stability. They are widely used in various applications such as AC power supplies, filtering circuits, and timing devices due to their reliability and performance.
Capacitors with ceramic as the dielectric and metal films on both sides, have the characteristics of small size and high temperature resistance, and are often used in high-frequency circuits.
MLCCs (Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors) are miniaturized electronic components that consist of multiple layers of ceramic dielectric material stacked together with internal electrodes. They are widely used in electronic devices due to their small size, high capacitance, and good frequency response.
Uses an aluminum cylinder as the negative electrode, fills it with liquid electrolyte, and inserts a curved aluminum strip as the positive electrode. It is characterized by large capacity, large leakage, poor stability, positive and negative polarity, and is suitable for power supply filtering or low-frequency circuits.
Silicon RF Capacitors Thin Film are miniaturized electronic components that employ silicon technology to offer high-frequency performance in radio frequency (RF) applications.
Supercapacitors, also known as ultracapacitors, are high-performance electronic components that can store and release large amounts of energy much faster than traditional batteries. They have a much higher charge storage capacity and faster charge/discharge rates compared to conventional capacitors.
Capacitors with a polymer material as the dielectric (insulating layer), offering high capacitance, low ESR, and excellent frequency response. Widely used in consumer electronics, automotive systems, and industrial equipment due to their reliability and performance.
XPC, FR-1, FR-2 are flame-retardant phenolic materials that are also highly punchable, they have excellent electrical, heat-resistant, moisture-resistant, flame-resistant and other properties as well as low cost. FR-3 is epoxy Copper Clad Laminate, it is flame retardant with high electrical properties.
CEM-1, which is a composite of paper and glass impregnated with epoxy resin, is the most popular substrate for SSBs. While not as low cost as XPC-FR or FR-2, CEM-1 has gained popularity because of its mechanical strength and also because of the relative unavailability of paper phenolic laminates.
CEM-3 is similar to FR4, but uses a composite material of a non-woven glass core and a woven glass surface instead of a full sheet of woven glass. It’s a flame retardant epoxy resin, copper-clad glass material, commonly used in double-sided PCBs.
“FR” is the abbreviation of flame retardant. As the board runs on electricity, it should be heat resistant. FR4 has much better heat resistance than FR1 and XPC due to the different composition of the layers.
