Integrated Circuits(ICs), commonly referred to microchips or microcircuits, are micro electronic components that integrate multiple passive electronic components on a substrate to complete a certain circuit or system functions. It uses a certain process to interconnect the transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors and other components and wiring required in a circuit, make them on a small or several small semiconductor wafers or dielectric substrates, and then package them in a tube shell within, it becomes a microstructure with the required circuit functions.

The manufacturing process of integrated circuits mainly includes two major links: wafer manufacturing and wafer processing. Wafer manufacturing is the process of making single crystal silicon wafers using silicon dioxide as raw material, while wafer processing involves diffusion, deposition, photolithography, etching, ion implantation, polishing, metallization and other operations on silicon wafers to make logic circuit.

According to the degree of integration, integrated circuits can be divided into categories such as small-scale integrated circuits, medium-scale integrated circuits, large-scale integrated circuits and very large-scale integrated circuits. In addition, there are classifications such as analog integrated circuits, digital integrated circuits, hybrid integrated circuits, thin film integrated circuits and MOS integrated circuits.