Resistors are essential components in electronic circuits, made from materials like thin films, cement, or resistance wires. They can also be integrated into ICs, hybrid circuits, or PCBs. Their resistance spans over 9 orders of magnitude, with tolerances and temperature coefficients critical for precision applications. Resistors have a maximum power rating that must exceed their expected energy dissipation, especially in power electronics. Stray inductance and capacitance are crucial in high-frequency applications, while noise is important for low-noise amplifiers. Resistors perform vital roles such as voltage dividing, current limiting, and biasing, making them indispensable in electronic equipment.
Carbon composition resistors (CCR) are fixed value resistors. They are made out of fine carbon particles mixed with a binder (for example clay). After baking, it has a solid form.
Surface Mount Resistors, also known as SMDs, are one of the most widely used resistors because they reduce the flow of current in circuits.
Variable resistors are resistors whose resistance value can change continuously or stepwise within a certain range. It is usually composed of three parts: a resistor, a rotating system (including a rotating shaft, a sliding blade, a brush block, etc.) and a shell (including an insulator, a contact piece, etc.).
Metal Foil Resistors are a special type of resistor. It forms a nickel-chromium alloy through vacuum smelting, and then rolls it into a metal foil. The metal foil is then bonded to an alumina ceramic substrate. Finally, the shape of the metal foil is controlled through a photolithography process to control the resistance.
Current Sense Resistors, namely current sensing resistors (CSR). The working principle of the current sensing resistor (CSR) is Ohm’s law, that is, I=U/R. The voltage across the resistor is detected by the IC, and the current value through the resistor is obtained by dividing the voltage by the nominal value of the resistor. The accuracy of the sampling resistor directly affects the accuracy of current sampling.
Electronic components composed of multiple resistors. Resistor networks and resistor arrays are usually integrated into a package with multiple pins, allowing for easy connection and combination of multiple resistors.
Ceramic synthetic resistors are durable components with high heat resistance, ideal for high-temperature environments. They are primarily used to control voltage, limit current, protect electronic components from power supply interference, and act as filters to stabilize circuit characteristics.
Whose design allows them to be fixed in metal holes on the circuit board by soldering, rather than like surface mount resistors. (SMD resistor) is directly attached to the surface of the circuit board.
A photoresistor is a special resistor that uses a photosensitive element to convert light signals into electrical signals. Its resistance value changes with the intensity of incident light, and it can change its conductance under lighting conditions.
Metal oxide resistor is a special type of resistor whose resistance material is mainly composed of metal oxide. Metal oxide resistors have high resistance values and good stability, and can maintain stable resistance characteristics in harsh environments such as high temperature and high humidity.
The negative temperature coefficient thermistor. NTC thermistor is a semiconductor component whose resistance value is extremely sensitive to temperature. Its resistance value decreases as the temperature increases. Utilizing this characteristic, NTC thermistors can be used for temperature measurement, temperature control, temperature compensation, etc., and are often called temperature sensors.
Varistors are usually made of semiconductor materials and have non-linear resistance characteristics. When voltage or current exceeds a certain threshold, the resistance of the varistor drops sharply, limiting further increases in current or voltage. This characteristic allows the varistor to play the role of overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, surge absorption, etc. in the circuit, protecting other components in the circuit from damage.
